oecd oecd
Fact sheet
- an international comparison -

This is a bit dry, I am aware of that. Still, it should prove to be interesting to put a couple of countries together to see where the Netherlands stand on an international scale.
Source: OECD in Figures - 1998 edition; ©1998. Published with the OECD Observer, no. 212, June/July 1998

Tables
1.Demography 2.Education 3.Health 4.Aid
5.Environment I 6.Environment II 7.Employment 8.National product

Demography
Country Total area
x103sq. km.
Population Age structure
Thousands Per sq. km. 1996 growth rate % Under 15 15-64 >65
1996 1986 1996/95 1979/78 1996 1960 1996 1960 1996 1960
Netherlands 41 15,494 14,572 380 0.2 0.7 18.4 30.0 68.3 61.0 13.3 9.0
Belgium 31 10,157 9,862 333 0.2 0.1 17.91 23.5 66.01 64.5 16.11 12.0
France 549 58,380 55,547 106 0.4 0.4 19.3 26.4 65.4 62.0 15.3 11.3
Germany 357 81,877 61,0662 229 0.3 0.12 15.92 21.32 68.21 67.82 15.81 10.82
Japan 378 125,864 121,490 333 0.2 0.8 15.91 30.1 69.41 63.9 14.51 6.1
United Kingdom 245 58,782 56,852 240 0.3 0.1 19.3 23.3 64.9 64.9 15.7 11.7
USA 9,373 265,557 240,651 28 0.9 1.1 21.7 31.0 65.5 59.7 12.8 9.2
1.) 1995
2.) Ex-FRG only (FRG= Free republic of Germany= DDR)

Personal interpretation:
The European countries listed, and Japan, are densely populated compared to the USA, with the Netherlands topping all. Another striking figure is birth rate of the population in the USA is higher than the other countries listed, which is also illustrated by the higher % of people aging under 15, although not enough to stop the general aging of the global population.

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Education
Country Population with at least upper secondary education (25-64 year-olds) % Current upper secondary graduation rate3 % Population with at least higher education (25-64 year-olds) % First-time university grad. rate4 %
Netherlands 61.2 80.0 ... 19.05
Belgium 53.5 ... 24.6 ...
France 68.4 87.3 18.6 ...
Germany 83.7 88.0 22.6 15.75
Japan ... 94.1 ... 23.16
United Kingdom 75.9 ... 21.5 30.96
USA 85.8 75.8 33.3 32.06
... no data
3.) First educational programs
4.) Short and long first university degree programs combined
5.) Mostly long university programs
6.) Mostly short university programs

Personal interpretation:
Honestly, these figures are hard to compare. There is a difference in short and long university programs, as the short program will grant a bachelor-ship and the long- a master degree. Astonishing is the portion of Dutch and Belgian population that only has upper secondary education. This must be an inheritance from earlier this century when the respective society didn't value education as much as it does now.

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Health
Country Total fertility rate7 Infant mortality of live births % Life expectancy at birth (yrs.)
Women Men
1996 1986 1996 1986 1996 1986 1996 1986
Netherlands 1.52 1.55 0.52 0.77 80.4 79.6 74.7 73.1
Belgium 1.55 1.54 0.708 0.96 80.2 77.7 73.5 70.9
France 1.72 1.84 0.49 0.80 81.9 79.7 74.0 71.5
Germany 1.26 1.35 0.50 0.86 79.9 78.3 73.6 71.8
Japan 1.41 1.72 0.38 0.52 83.3 80.9 77.0 75.2
United Kingdom 1.70 1.78 0.628 0.95 79.3 77.6 74.4 71.9
USA 2.06 1.84 0.808 1.04 79.4 78.2 72.7 71.2
7.) Average number of children for a woman aged 15-44
8.) 1995

Personal interpretation:
The world's getting "older". Like in the first table (Demography) the USA are comparatively younger than the other countries in the table. This is illustrated by fertility rate (in contrary to general tendency fertility rate has risen in the measured decade) and life expectancy even, as averagely people in the USA tend to live a tad shorter than in the other countries listed. Health care has made infant mortality drop, contributing to fertility rate and population growth. The Germans apparently, don't like to get children anymore as their fertility rate is lowest. The Dutch, with their low fertility rate and population growth of 0.2 (Demography) will, as a society age rapidly.

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Aid
Country ODA9million $ ODA as % of GNP Share in total OECD ODA 1995/96 % Annual av. Change % in volume
1990/91-1995/96
Netherlands 3,246 0.81 5.7 0.5
Belgium 913 0.34 1.7 -2.6
France 7,451 0.48 13.9 -2.2
Germany 7,601 0.33 13.2 -2.2
Japan 9,439 0.20 20.9 -3.6
United Kingdom 3,199 0.27 5.6 1.1
USA 9,377 0.12 14.6 -8.0
9.) Official Development Assistance

Personal interpretation:
How can it be that such a small country like the Netherlands is prepared to contribute so disproportionally more on Development Aid than the major, much more powerful economies of OECD member states? Just take a look at the third column: % of GNP. US cutback it dramatic, while the Netherlands even raised theirs. Go hide and be ashamed!

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Environment I
Country Land Forest Threatened species Water
Total area
1,000 km2
Major protected areas10 Nitrogenous fertilizers usea Pesticides useb Wooded area % of land area Use of forest resources harvest/ann. growth Tropical wood imports11 Mammals % of known species Birds % of known species Water withdrawal % of gross annual availability Total fish catches % of world catches Waste water plants % of national population served
Netherlands 42 11.5 37 1.1 9 0.4 17.7 16 27 9 0.5 9.6
Belgium 31 2.6 1812 1.1 20 1.0 12.112 32 28 43 ... 27
France 552 11.6 12 0.4 27 0.6 8.6 20 15 21 0.6 77
Germany 357 26.4 15 0.3 30 ... 2.5 40 40 25 0.3 89
Japan 378 6.8 12 1.4 67 0.3 21.5 8 8 21 6.5 50
United Kingdom 245 19.8 23 0.613 10 0.5 4.0 2213 2313 1414 1.0 8613
USA 9,364 18.9 6 0.2 33 0.6 1.5 11 7 19 5.7 71
... no data
10.) IUCN categories I-VI
% of total area
11.) Total imports of cork and wood from non-OECD tropical countries
$ per capita
12.) Belgium and Luxembourg
13.) Great Britain
14.) England and Wales
a.) Tonnes per sq. km. of arable land
b.) Tonnes per sq. km. of arable land

Personal interpretation:
Economic policy and population density always put pressure on the environment. This can be seen clearly from Dutch, Japanese and Belgian figures. As people are crammed together in a narrow confinement, not much room is left to preserve that's what left of nature. Next to that, Dutch bio-industry puts another strain on the environment by means of very high amounts of fertilizers and pesticides. Green houses and pig/poultry farms particularly demand lots of the environment. The first in the form of pesticides, the second by the huge piles of excrements that have to be disposed of.
Let's see what amounts of waste are actually generated...

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Environment II
Country Air Waste generated Pollution abatement and control
Sulphur oxides
kg./capita
Nitrogen oxides
kg./capita
CO215
tonnes/capita
Industrial waste/unit GDPc Municipal waste
kg./capita
Nuclear waste16/unit of energy tonnes per Mtoe Total expenditure17
% of GDP
Total investments (%)d
Netherlands 10 35 12 30 580 0.2 1.9 3.1
Belgium 24 33 12 75 470 2.3 ... ...
France 17 26 6 101 560 5.0 1.4 2.0
Germany 37 27 11 48 40018 1.4 1.419 2.819
Japan 7 12 9 61 400 1.8 1.6 3.0
United Kingdom 40 39 10 59 490 7.7 1.0 1.3
USA 63 75 20 ... 720 1.0 1.6 3.6
... no data
15.) From energy use only
16.) Wastes from spent fuel in nuclear power plants, in tonnes of heavy metal per million tonnes of oil equivalent (Mtoe) (primary energy supply)
17.) Household expenditure excluded
18.) Excludes separate collection by the private sector
19.) Ex-FRG (DDR) only
c.) Tonnes/million $
d.) % of national investment

Personal interpretation:
When it comes to environmentalism, Japan takes the cake. Any kind of waste produced is lowest (even per capita) compared to all other countries in the table.
The USA indeed likes to toss away scrap papers, wrappings and such. Or, is it the other way round? All things for households are wrapped and wrapped again, and yet again like a bunch of babushka dolls: any item that can contain something is contained by something larger. That attitude leaves room for improvement. Remarkable is the low amount of Nuclear Waste in the Netherlands. Almost the entire population (8 out of 10) is against nuclear energy.

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Employment
Country Total labour force Unemployment rates20
Thousands 1996 Change since 1986 % Female participation rate %21 Both sexes Women % of tot. female labour force Men % of total male labour force
1996 1986 1996 1986 1996 1986 1996 1986
Netherlands 7,516 28.2 58.3 41.3 6.5 10.3 8.4 12.8 5.2 9.0
Belgium 4,92722 4.523 56.122 49.9 12.922 11.6 17.222 16.9 9.722 8.1
France 25,613 6.7 59.9 55.1 12.3 10.4 14.5 13.1 10.6 8.4
Germany 39,294 34.624 61.022 53.824 9.0 7.624 10.2 9.024 8.1 6.824
Japan 67,110 11.5 62.222 57.4 3.4 2.8 3.3 2.8 3.4 2.7
United Kingdom 28,552 2.7 66.4 61.3 8.2 11.6 6.3 8.9 9.7 13.5
USA 135,231 13.1 71.0 65.1 5.3 6.9 5.4 7.0 5.3 6.7
20.) National definitions
21.) Defined as female labour-force of all ages divided by female population aged 15 - 64
22.) 1995
23.) 1984-94
24.) Ex FRG (DDR) only

Personal interpretation:
The Netherlands are lagging severely behind when it comes to female participation on the job-market. This is the result of women leaving their positions as soon as children are due, not re-entering it after the children are ready for school. This leaves ample room for improvement, and puts me to shame, to be honest. On the other hand, the 'famed' Poldermodel bears fruit. The job market has seen a considerable improvement over the last decade. A funny thing though is that the same has occurred in the USA, although economic policies between the two countries differ considerably.

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National Product
Country Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
(at market prices)
Trade balance % GDP at current prices
At current prices and Ex.rates - Billion $ Av. Annual volume change % Per capita at current prices - $ 1996
1996 1997 96-86 97-96 Using current ex.rates Using current PPPs25
Netherlands 396.0 362.9 2.7 3.2 25,511 20,905 6.4
Belgium 268.2 242.5 2.1 2.4 26,409 21,856 4.7
France 1,536.6 1,393.8 1.9 2.3 26,323 20,533 2.6
Germany 2,353.5 2,115.4 2.2 2.4 28,738 21,200 1.2
Japan 4,595.2 4,223.4 3.1 0.5 36,509 23,235 0.5
United Kingdom 1,153.4 1,278.4 2.1 3.4 19,621 18,636 -0.8
USA 7,388.1 7,819.3 2.4 3.8 27,821 27,821 -1.6
25.) Purchasing Power Parities; (eliminates price differences between countries).

Personal interpretation:
Low wages generally make good trade balances, as can be seen in Dutch figures. Put next to that the relative high taxes (not in table) and, how rich is Holland, then eh? I hate it to see that we are underpayed compared to the other countries. I knew it! I knew it! :)

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